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MULBERRY BREEDING & GENETICS Scientists: 1.
Dr.
Paritosh Kumar Ghosh, Scientist-C (Sectional
Head) 2.
Dr. Monica Chaudhuri, Scientist-C 3.
Dr. Jalaja S. Kumar,
Scientist-C Objectives: Mulberry Breeding & Genetics Section played an
important role in evolving some high yielding mulberry varieties, the leaves
of which provide the sole food source of silkworm, (Bombyx mori L) and to cater the need of the sericultural farmers
from different Seri zones of Eastern and North-Eastern regions of Achievements: 1.
A total no. of 143 mulberry germplasm resources had
been characterized and grouped into 22 clusters. 2.
Flowering time and sex expression in tropical,
sub-tropical and temperate genotypes have been worked out their utilization
in crossing programme. 3.
Out of the 3107 hybrids of diploid x diploid
crosses, 5 hybrids having 17.06 25.59 % superiority in yield over the (S1635)
check had been selected and 1 hybrid (VSB6) was included in I.E.T. 4.
C1730, a new mulberry variety giving 3% higher
yield under non-irrigated condition had been evolved. 5.
An improved method on induction of tetraploids
through in vitro was developed. 6.
One hexaploid, 2 pentaploids, 3 tetraploids &
their respective triploids and a mixoploid had been developed. 7.
A total of 33 triploids had been evaluated on the
basis of yield attributing characters and finally 1 triploid (VSB-2) was
selected and included in Final Yield Trial (F.Y.T). 8.
A total of 30 tetraploids have been evaluated on 17
economic characters and ranked them for utilization in breeding programme 9.
From the 3375 hybrids of 4n x 2n & 2n x 4n, 6 hybrids
having 73.87 30.34 % superiority over S1635 have been selected and included
in F. Y. T. (VSB1, VSB3. VSB4, VSB5,
VSB6, VSB7). 10.
Somaclonal variant of SV1 has been evolved with 26 %
improvement in leaf yield over S1. 11.
C776, a salt tolerant variety can
withstand salinity stress up to an Ec of 7.8 mhos/cm has been identified
through in vitro screening followed by field study. The variety has shown
28.1 % superiority in leaf yield over S 1635. 12.
Embryoids and callus with haploid roots have been
obtained from cultures of anther and isolated pollen. 13.
The best 8 hybrids from diploid and polyploid
crosses have been selected. 14.
Among 164 mulberry
germplasm accessions at this Institute, 82 accessions were evaluated based on
anatomy, physio-biochemical parameters and disease & pest incidence. 15.
Single bud cutting, a vegetative propagation
method, was found more efficient but
this method may be suitable for the Mulberry breeders particularly during
multiplication of a newly evolved variety in the Institute level but it may
not be feasible at farmers field because
it needs more care for maintaining
required soil moisture and temperature by making box type closed
nursery. 16.
In vitro screening of 27 improved
mulberry genotypes in the acidic environment in the sand culture with
nutrient medium (Knops solution) in different pH ranging from 2.0 to 7.0 was
conducted to identify most suitable mulberry varieties for further evaluation
in acid soil. 17.
Mulberry Genotype RG-120 identified as highest
yielder (54.97 mt/ha/year) under irrigated condition, which outyielded S-1635
(43.02 mt/ha/year) by 27.8%. The genotype is ready for AICEM Trial for
Phase-III. 18.
Identified a genotype Tr-23, performing better than
the ruling variety BC259 for hills and foot hills of 19.
In a FYT experiment, a new genotype CT-44 yielded
47.94 mt leaves /ha/year which is 17% more than the ruling variety S-1635. New Varieties Evolved: A. For
Gangetic Alluvial soil under irrigated condition 1. S1 This cultivar popularly
called Mandalaya is a selection from OPH seedlings of unknown mother from
the place Madalay ( 2. S1635 It is a triploid variety with
high leaf yielding ability (35 MT/ha/yr.) has been evolved by the Institute.
The variety has been considered as National check. It is becoming popular
under assured irrigation among the sericulture farmers in Malda, Murshidabad
and Birbhum districts of B. For Temperate hills 1.
BC259 - This
variety was evolved through back crossing of first filial plants of the cross
of matigara (M.indica) x Kosen (M.multicaulis), with recurrent parent Kosen
variety. This variety has been recommended especially for hilly regions and
rain fed conditions. Leaf yields of around 20 21 mt / ha /year can be
obtained in rain fed condition. 2.
Tr-4 - This
mulberry variety has been evolved and popularized in the temperate hills of
Kalimpong, Kurseong and 3.
Tr-10 This
variety was developed by polyploidy breeding (T4 x Mandalaya). Average leaf
yield per year per ha is around 18 -19 mt. 4.
S-146 - The
Mulberry Breeding and Genetics Section have evolved S146, a new
mulberry variety suitable for temperate hills. The variety has gained
popularity in J & K regions also. Leaf yield per ha per year is around 25
mt. C. For Red laterite soil under Rain fed
condition 1. C1730 - This variety was evolved through
polyploidy breeding between T25 x S-162.
In red late rite soil of drought prone area the leaf yield is 13
mt./ha /year It has been
identified as drought tolerant variety. The variety has become
popular in the drought- prone like, Purulia, Bankura in D. For
Coastal Saline soil 1. C-776 - It is a selection from the
seedlings of controlled hybridization between M.multicaulis x Black cherry.
It has been identified as a salt tolerant mulberry variety which can
withstand salinity stress up to an Ec of 7.8 mhos / cm through in vitro
screening following by field study. Leaf yields of around 32 mt / ha / year
can be obtainable with the recommended package of practices. Registration of
newly evolved mulberry varieties: The Mulberry Registration Committee
of Central Silk Board has registered 6 mulberry varieties recently. 2) S1 irrigated, 3) S1635 irrigated, 4) S799 irrigated, 5) C1730, non irrigated, 6) BC259 Temperate, 7) Tr-10 Temperate. RESOURCES: 1.
Root Growth Monitoring system, CI 600, 2.
Portable
Leaf Area meter, Model LI-3000, LI-COR, USA. 3.
Leitz Diaplan compound microscope, 4.
BOD incubator. 5.
Hot & Cold water bath, Incon. 6.
Chlorophyll Concentration Meter (Model: CCM-200) ONGOING PROJECTS: 1. PIB-3340 :Development of Mulberry
Genotypes suitable for low productive soils (2005-2010). Objective: Development of mulberry genotypes suitable for
low productive soil areas. 2.PIB-3341 :Preliminary evaluation of newly evolved mulberry genotypes for their
productivity and quality. (2004-2009). Objective: Screening of mulberry genotypes
to identify higher leaf yield over the existing highest yielder (S-1635) as
well as suitable to silkworms. 3.PIB-3365: Development of superior triploid mulberry
for high productivity and quality (2006- 2011). Objective: Improvement of mulberry
productivity and quality by developing superior genotypes through polyploid
breeding. 4.PIB-3422: Development of
mulberry genotypes for improvement in productivity and quality (2008-2012). Objective: To develop high yielding
mulberry genotypes suitable for silkworms. APPROVED NEW PROJECTS 1. PIB-0000: Development of cold
tolerant mulberry genotypes for sub-tropical plains. (2009-2012) Objective: To develop cold tolerant
mulberry genotypes for increasing mulberry productivity during favourable
cocoon crop seasons. CONCLUDED PROJECTS: 1.
PIB-0001: Improvement of Mulberry (1991 - 1998) 2.
PIE-3167: Mulberry Germplasm evaluation in
relation to quality, quantity & stress resistance (1999-2004) 3.
PIT-3234: Studies on the multiplication of
improved mulberry varieties (2002-2004) 4.
PIE-3235: Identification of Improved
mulberry genotypes for acidic soils of
5.
PIB-3192:
Primary evaluation of new mulberry lines for their yield
and quality (2000-2004). 6.
PIB-3191: Selection of high yielding mulberry
varieties for improvement of Cocoon production in Gangetic plains of 7.
PIE-3221: All 8.
PIE-3222: All India Co-ordinated Experimental Trials for
Mulberry (AICEM) -Phase-II. (2001-2005). 9.
PIB-3290: Evaluation of new mulberry genotypes for
their leaf yield and quality (2003- 2007). 10.
PIE-3310:
Evaluation of improved mulberry
genotypes for acidic soils of |